William Jefferson Clinton

Former

42^nd President

Of

United States of America

Messages to Look for Peace

Brothers and Sisters!    

Assalam o Alleyykum

Profile

Brothers and Sisters! As below the data in respect of profile of William Jefferson Clinton former President of USA, has been derived from Google Network:

·                 William Jefferson Clinton (né Blythe; born August 19, 1946) is an American lawyer and politician who served as the 42nd president of the United States from 1993 to 2001.

·                  A member of the Democratic Party, he previously served as governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981 and again from 1983 to 1992.

·                 Clinton, whose policies reflected a centrist “Third Way” political philosophy, became known as a New Democrat.

·                 Clinton was born and raised in Arkansas.

·                 He graduated from Georgetown University in 1968, and later from Yale Law School, where he met his future wife, Hillary Rodham.

·                 After graduating from law school, Clinton returned to Arkansas and won election as state attorney general, followed by two non-consecutive tenures as Arkansas governor.

·                 As governor, he overhauled the state’s education system and served as chairman of the National Governors Association.

·                 Clinton was elected president in the 1992 election, defeating the incumbent Republican Party president George H. W. Bush and the independent businessman Ross Perot.

·                 He became the first president to be born in the Baby Boomer generation.

·                 Clinton presided over the longest period of peacetime economic expansion in American history.

·                 He signed into law the North American Free Trade Agreement and the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act but failed to pass his plan for national health care reform.

·                 Starting in the mid-1990s, he began an ideological evolution as he became much more conservative in his domestic policy, advocating for and signing:

o   The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act,

o   the State Children’s Health Insurance Program, and

o   financial deregulation measures.

·                 Clinton won re-election in the 1996 election, defeating Republican nominee Bob Dole and Reform Party nominee Perot.

·                 His second term was dominated by the Clinton–Lewinsky scandal, which began in 1995, when he had a sexual relationship with the then 22-year-old White House intern Monica Lewinsky.

·                 Clinton left office in 2001 with the joint-highest approval rating of any U.S. president.

·                 His presidency ranks among the middle to upper tier in historical rankings of U.S. presidents.

·                 He created the Clinton Foundation to address international causes such as the prevention of HIV/AIDS and global warming.

·                 In 2009, he was named the United Nations special envoy to Haiti.

·                 After the 2010 Haiti earthquake, Clinton founded the Clinton Bush Haiti Fund with George W. Bush and Barack Obama.

·                 He has remained active in Democratic Party politics, campaigning for his wife’s 2008 and 2016 presidential campaigns.

Early Life and Career

·                 Clinton was born William Jefferson Blythe III on August 19, 1946, at Julia Chester Hospital in Hope, Arkansas.^[2]

·                 In Hot Springs, Clinton attended St. John’s Catholic Elementary School, Ramble Elementary School, and the segregated Hot Springs High School, where he was an active student leader, avid reader, and musician.^[5]

·                  Sometime in my sixteenth year, I decided I wanted to be in public life as an elected official.

·                 Clinton began an interest in law at Hot Springs High, when he took up the challenge to argue the defense of the ancient Roman senator Catiline in a mock trial in his Latin class.^[17]

·                 After a vigorous defense that made use of his “budding rhetorical and political skills”, he told the Latin teacher Elizabeth Buck it “made him realize that someday he would study law”.^[18]

·                 Clinton has identified two influential moments in his life, both occurring in 1963, that contributed to his decision to become a public figure.

o   One was his visit as a Boys Nation senator to the White House to meet President John F. Kennedy.^[12]

o   The other was watching Martin Luther King Jr.‘s 1963 “I Have a Dream” speech on TV, which impressed him so much that he later memorized it.^[19]

COLLEGE AND LAW SCHOOL YEARS

Georgetown University

·                 Clinton ran for president of the Student Council while attending the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University.

·                 With the aid of scholarships, Clinton attended the School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., receiving a Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service degree in 1968.

·                 Georgetown was the only university where Clinton applied.^[20]

·                  In 1964 and 1965, Clinton won elections for class president.^[21]

·                 From 1964 to 1967, he was an intern and then a clerk in the office of Arkansas Senator J. William Fulbright.^[5]

·                 While in college, he became a brother of service fraternity Alpha Phi Omega^[22] and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa. He is a member of Kappa Kappa Psi honorary band fraternity.^[23]

Oxford

·                 Upon graduating from Georgetown in 1968, Clinton won a Rhodes Scholarship to University College, Oxford, where he initially read for a B.Phil. in philosophy, politics, and economics but transferred to a B.Litt. in politics and, ultimately, a B.Phil. in politics.^[24]

·                 While Clinton was president in 1994, he received an honorary Doctor of Civil Law degree and a fellowship from the University of Oxford, specifically for being “a doughty and tireless champion of the cause of world peace”, having “a powerful collaborator in his wife”, and for winning “general applause for his achievement of resolving the gridlock that prevented an agreed budget”.^[25][29]

Vietnam War Opposition and Draft Controversy

·                 During the Vietnam War, Clinton received educational draft deferments while he was in England in 1968 and 1969.^[30] While at Oxford, he participated in Vietnam War protests and organized a Moratorium to End the War in Vietnam event in October 1969.^[5]

·                 He was planning to attend law school in the U.S. and knew he might lose his deferment. Clinton tried unsuccessfully to obtain positions in the National Guard and the Air Force officer candidate school, and he then made arrangements to join the Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC) program at the University of Arkansas.^[31][32]

Law school

·                 After Oxford, Clinton attended Yale Law School and earned a Juris Doctor (J.D.) degree in 1973.^[12] In 1971,

·                 Clinton eventually moved to Texas with Rodham in 1972 to take a job leading McGovern’s effort there.

Failed Congressional Campaign and Tenure as Attorney General of Arkansas

·                 After graduating from Yale Law School, Clinton returned to Arkansas and became a law professor at the University of Arkansas. In 1974,

·                 He ran for the House of Representatives. Running in the conservative 3rd district against incumbent Republican John Paul Hammerschmidt, Clinton’s campaign was bolstered by the anti-Republican and anti-incumbent mood resulting from the Watergate scandal.

·                 Hammerschmidt, who had received 77 percent of the vote in 1972, defeated Clinton by only a 52 percent to 48 percent margin.

·                 In 1976, Clinton ran for Arkansas attorney general. Defeating the secretary of state and the deputy attorney general in the Democratic primary, Clinton was elected with no opposition at all in the general election, as no Republican had run for the office.^[46][12]

Governor of Arkansas (1979–1981, 1983–1992)

·                 In 1978, Clinton entered the Arkansas gubernatorial primary.

·                 At just 31 years old, he was one of the youngest gubernatorial candidates in the state’s history.

·                 Clinton was elected governor of Arkansas in 1978, having defeated the Republican candidate Lynn Lowe,

·                 After leaving office in January 1981, Clinton joined friend Bruce Lindsey‘s Little Rock law firm of Wright, Lindsey and Jennings.^[51]

·                 In 1982, he was elected governor a second time and kept the office for ten years.

·                 In the early 1980s, Clinton made reform of the Arkansas education system a top priority of his gubernatorial administration.

·                 Also in the 1980s, the Clintons’ personal and business affairs included transactions that became the basis of the Whitewater controversy investigation, which later dogged his presidential administration.^[55]

·                 After extensive investigation over several years, no indictments were made against the Clintons related to the years in Arkansas.^[12][56]

·                 According to some sources, Clinton was a death penalty opponent in his early years, but he eventually switched positions.^[57][58]

Scandals and Allegations

·                 During his time as governor in the 1980s, Arkansas was the centre of a drug smuggling operation through Mena Airport.

·                  CIA agent Barry Seal allegedly imported three to five billion dollars worth of cocaine through the airport, and the operation was linked to the Iran–Contra affair.^[64]

·                 Clinton was accused of knowing about this operation, although nothing could be proven against him.^[65][66]

·                 Journalist Sam Smith tied him to various questionable business dealings.^[67] Clinton was also accused by Gennifer Flowers to have used cocaine as governor^[68]

·                 and his half-brother Roger was sentenced to prison in 1985 for possession and smuggling of cocaine, but was later pardoned by his brother after serving his sentence.^[69]

·                 During his time in Arkansas, there were also other scandals such as the Whitewater controversy^[70] involving the Clintons’ real estate dealings,

·                 and Bill Clinton was accused of serious sexual misconduct in Arkansas, including allegations of using the Arkansas State Police to gain access to women (Troopergate affair).^[71]

·                 The killing of Don Henry and Kevin Ives in 1987 started various conspiracy theories that accused Clinton and the Arkansas state authorities of covering up the crime.^[72]

1988 Democratic Presidential Primaries

·                 In 1987, the media speculated that Clinton would enter the presidential race.

·                  Clinton decided to remain as Arkansas governor (following consideration for the potential candidacy of Hillary for governor, initially favoured—but ultimately vetoed—by the First Lady).^[73]

1992 United States Presidential Election

·                 Main articles: Bill Clinton 1992 presidential campaign, 1992 Democratic Party presidential primaries, and 1992 United States presidential election.

·                 In the first primary contest, the Iowa Caucus, Clinton finished a distant third to Iowa senator Tom Harkin.

·                 Winning the big prizes of Florida and Texas and many of the Southern primaries on Super Tuesday gave Clinton a sizable delegate lead.

·                 Clinton was still the governor of Arkansas while campaigning for U.S. president,

·                 Clinton won the 1992 presidential election (370 electoral votes) against Republican incumbent George H. W. Bush (168 electoral votes) and billionaire populist Ross Perot (zero electoral votes), who ran as an independent on a platform that focused on domestic issues.

Presidency (1993–2001)

·                 Clinton’s “third way” of moderate liberalism built up the nation’s fiscal health and put the nation on a firm footing abroad amid globalization and the development of anti-American terrorist organizations.^[90]

·                 During his presidency, Clinton advocated for a wide variety of legislation and programs, most of which were enacted into law or implemented by the executive branch.

·                 His policies, particularly the North American Free Trade Agreement and welfare reform, have been attributed to a centrist Third Way philosophy of governance.^[91][92]

·                 His policy of fiscal conservatism helped to reduce deficits on budgetary matters.^[93][94] Clinton presided over the longest period of peacetime economic expansion in American history.^[95][96]

·                 The Congressional Budget Office reported budget surpluses of:

o   $69 billion in 1998,

o   $126 billion in 1999, and

o   $236 billion in 2000,^[97] during the last three years of Clinton’s presidency.^[98]

·                 Over the years of the recorded surplus, the gross national debt rose each year.

·                 At the end of the fiscal year (September 30) for each of the years a surplus was recorded,

·                 the U.S. Treasury reported a gross debt of:

o    $5.413 trillion in 1997,

o   $5.526 trillion in 1998,

o   $5.656 trillion in 1999, and

o   $5.674 trillion in 2000.^[99][100]

·                 Over the same period, the Office of Management and Budget reported an end of year (December 31) gross debt of:

o   $5.369 trillion in 1997,

o   $5.478 trillion in 1998,

o   $5.606 in 1999, and

o   $5.629 trillion in 2000.^[101],

·                 At the end of his presidency the Clintons moved to 15 Old House Lane in Chappaqua, New York, in order to quell political worries about his wife’s residency for election as a U.S. Senator from New York.^[102]

First Term (1993–1997)

·                 After his presidential transition, Clinton was inaugurated as the 42nd president of the United States on January 20, 1993.

·                 Clinton was physically exhausted at the time, and had an inexperienced staff. His high levels of public support dropped in the first few weeks, as he made a series of mistakes.

·                 Two days after taking office, on January 22, 1993—the 20th anniversary of the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade—Clinton reversed restrictions on domestic and international family planning programs that had been imposed by Reagan and Bush.^[109]

·                 Clinton said abortion should be kept “safe, legal, and rare”—a slogan that had been suggested by political scientist Samuel L. Popkin and first used by Clinton in December 1991, while campaigning.^[110  

·                 During the eight years of the Clinton administration, the abortion rate declined by 18 percent.^[111]

·                 On February 15, 1993, Clinton made his first address to the nation, announcing his plan to raise taxes to close a budget deficit.^[112]

·                 Two days later, in a nationally televised address to a joint session of Congress, Clinton unveiled his economic plan. The plan focused on reducing the deficit rather than on cutting taxes for the middle class, which had been high on his campaign agenda.^[113]

·                 Clinton’s advisers pressured him to raise taxes, based on the theory that a smaller federal budget deficit would reduce bond interest rates.^[114]

·                 In August, Clinton signed the Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, which passed Congress without a Republican vote.

·                 It cut taxes for 15 million low-income families, made tax cuts available to 90 percent of small businesses,^[117] and

·                 raised taxes on the wealthiest 1.2 percent of taxpayers. Additionally,

·                 it mandated that the budget be balanced over many years through the implementation of spending restraints.^[118]

·                 On November 30, 1993, Clinton signed into law the Brady Bill, which mandated federal background checks on people who purchase firearms in the United States.

·                 The law also imposed a five-day waiting period on purchases, until the NICS system was implemented in 1998. He also expanded the Earned Income Tax Credit, a subsidy for low-income workers.^[56]

·                 On January 1, 1994, Clinton signed the North American Free Trade Agreement into law.^[125]

·                 The Omnibus Crime Bill, which Clinton signed into law in September 1994,^[128] made many changes to U.S. crime and law enforcement legislation including the expansion of the death penalty to include crimes not resulting in death,

·                 After two years of Democratic Party control, the Democrats lost control of Congress to the Republicans in the mid-term elections in 1994, for the first time in forty years.^[131]

·                 A speech delivered by President Bill Clinton at the December 6, 1995 White House Conference on HIV/AIDS projected that a cure for AIDS and a vaccine to prevent further infection would be developed.

·                 On September 21, 1996, Clinton signed into law the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), which defined marriage for federal purposes as the legal union of one man and one woman; the legislation allowed individual states to refuse to recognize gay marriages that were performed in other states.

·                 In November 1996, Clinton narrowly escaped possible assassination in the Philippines,^[160] which was a bridge bomb planted by al-Qaeda and was masterminded by Osama bin Laden.

·                 During Clinton’s presidency, the attempt remained top secret,^[161] and it remains classified as of March 2024, when Reuters reported having spoken with eight retired secret service agents about the incident.^[162]

1996 presidential campaign

·                 1996 electoral vote results. Clinton won 379–159.

·                 In the 1996 presidential election, Clinton was re-elected, receiving 49.2 percent of the popular vote over Republican Bob Dole (40.7 percent of the popular vote) and Reform candidate Ross Perot (8.4 percent of the popular vote)

·                 Clinton received 379 of the Electoral College votes, with Dole receiving 159 electoral votes.

·                 With his victory, he became the first Democrat to win two consecutive presidential elections since Franklin D. Roosevelt.^[163][164]

Second term (1997–2001)

·                 In the January 1997, State of the Union address, Clinton proposed a new initiative to provide health coverage to up to five million children.

·                 Senators Ted Kennedy—a Democrat—and Orrin Hatch—a Republican—teamed up with Hillary Rodham Clinton and her staff in 1997, and succeeded in passing legislation forming the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), the largest (successful) health care reform in the years of the Clinton Presidency.

Investigations

·                 In November 1993, David Hale—the source of criminal allegations against Bill Clinton in the Whitewater controversy—alleged that while governor of Arkansas, Clinton pressured Hale to provide an illegal $300,000 loan to Susan McDougal, the Clintons’ partner in the Whitewater land deal.^[167]

·                 A U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission investigation resulted in convictions against the McDougal’s for their role in the Whitewater project,

·                 but the Clintons themselves were never charged, and Clinton maintains his and his wife’s innocence in the affair.^[168] Investigations by Robert B. Fiske and Ken Starr found insufficient to evidence to prosecute the Clintons.^[169][170]

Impeachment and acquittal

·                 After a House inquiry, Clinton was impeached on December 19, 1998, by the House of Representatives.

·                 The House voted 228–206 to impeach him for perjury to a grand jury^[177]

·                 and voted 221–212 to impeach him for obstruction of justice.^[178]

·                 The Senate later acquitted Clinton of both charges.^[183]

·                 The final vote was generally along party lines, with no Democrats voting guilty, and only a handful of Republicans voting not guilty.^[183]

·                 On January 19, 2001, Clinton’s law license was suspended for five years after he acknowledged to an Arkansas circuit court he had engaged in conduct prejudicial to the administration of justice in the Jones case.^[186][187]

Pardons and Commutations

·                 Clinton issued 141 pardons and 36 commutations on his last day in office on January 20, 2001.

Judicial Appointments

·                 Ruth Bader Ginsburg accepting her nomination to the Supreme Court from President Clinton, 1993.

·                  Clinton appointed two justices to the Supreme Court: Ruth Bader Ginsburg in 1993^[253] and Stephen Breyer in 1994.^[254]

Public Opinion

·                 Throughout Clinton’s first term, his job approval rating fluctuated in the 40s and 50s.

·                 In his second term, his rating consistently ranged from the high-50s to the high-60s.^[257]

·                 After his impeachment proceedings in 1998 and 1999, Clinton’s rating reached its highest point.^[258]

·                 According to a CBS News/New York Times poll, Clinton left office with an approval rating of 68 percent,

Public image

·                 Clinton was the first baby boomer president.^[267] Authors Martin Walker and Bob Woodward stated that:

o   Clinton’s innovative use of sound bite-ready dialogue,

o   personal charisma, and

o   public perception-oriented campaigning

o   were a major factor in his high public approval ratings.^[268][269]

·                 His prominent role in campaigning for Obama during the 2012 presidential election and his widely publicized speech at the 2012 Democratic National Convention, where he officially nominated Obama and criticized Republican nominee Mitt Romney and Republican policies in detail, earned him the nickname “Explainer-in-Chief”.^[277][278]

·                 Clinton drew strong support from the African American community and insisted that the improvement of race relations would be a major theme of his presidency.^[279]

·                 In 1998, Nobel laureate Toni Morrison called Clinton “the first black president”, saying, “Clinton displays almost every trope of blackness:

o   single-parent household,

o   born poor,

o   working-class,

o   saxophone-playing,

o   McDonald’s-and-junk-food-loving boy from Arkansas”.^[280]

Sexual Assault and Misconduct Allegations

·                 Several women have publicly accused Clinton of sexual misconduct, including rape, harassment, and sexual assault.

·                 Additionally, some commentators have characterized Clinton’s sexual relationship with former White House intern Monica Lewinsky as predatory or non-consensual, despite the fact that Lewinsky called the relationship consensual at the time.

·                 In 1994, Paula Jones initiated a sexual harassment lawsuit against Clinton, claiming he had made unwanted advances towards her in 1991; Clinton denied the allegations.

·                 In April 1998, the case was initially dismissed by Judge Susan Webber Wright on the grounds that it lacked legal merit.^[285]

·                 In 1998, Kathleen Willey alleged that Clinton had groped her in a hallway in 1993.

·                 Also in 1998, Juanita Broaddrick alleged that Clinton had raped her in the spring of 1978, although she said she did not remember the exact date.^[296]

·                 The Lewinsky scandal has had an enduring impact on Clinton’s legacy, beyond his impeachment in 1998.^[298]

Alleged affairs

·                 Clinton admitted to having extramarital affairs with:

o    singer Gennifer Flowers and

o   Monica Lewinsky.^[301]

o   Actress Elizabeth Gracen,^[302]

o   Miss Arkansas winner Sally Perdue,^[303] and

o   Dolly Kyle Browning^[304]

o   all claimed that they had affairs with Clinton during his time as governor of Arkansas.

POST – PRESIDENCY (2001 – PRESENT)

Activities until 2008 campaign

·                 The William J. Clinton Presidential Center and Park in Little Rock, Arkansas, was dedicated in 2004.^[310]

·                 Clinton released a best-selling autobiography, My Life, in 2004.^[311]

·                 In 2007, he released Giving: How Each of Us Can Change the World, which also became a New York Times Best Seller and garnered positive reviews.^[312]

·                 Former president George H. W. Bush and Clinton in the White House Library, January 2005.

·                  In the aftermath of the 2004 Asian tsunami, U.N. secretary-general Kofi Annan appointed Clinton to head a relief effort.^[313]

·                 After Hurricane Katrina, Clinton joined with fellow former president George H. W. Bush to establish the Bush-Clinton Tsunami Fund in January 2005, and the Bush-Clinton Katrina Fund in October of that year.^[314]

·                 As part of the tsunami effort, these two ex-presidents appeared in a Super Bowl XXXIX pre-game show,^[315] and travelled to the affected areas.^[316]

·                 They also spoke together at the funeral of Boris Yeltsin in April 2007.^[317]

·                 Based on his philanthropic worldview,^[318] Clinton created the William J. Clinton Foundation to address issues of global importance.

·                 This foundation includes the Clinton Foundation HIV and AIDS Initiative (CHAI), which strives to combat that disease, and has worked with the Australian government toward that end.

·                 The Clinton Global Initiative (CGI), begun by the Clinton Foundation in 2005, attempts to address world problems such as global public health, poverty alleviation and religious and ethnic conflict.^[319]

·                 In 2005, Clinton announced through his foundation an agreement with manufacturers to stop selling sugary drinks in schools.^[320]

·                 Clinton’s foundation joined with the Large Cities Climate Leadership Group in 2006 to improve cooperation among those cities, and he met with foreign leaders to promote this initiative.^[321]

·                 The foundation has received donations from many governments all over the world, including Asia and the Middle East.^[322]

·                  In 2008, Foundation director Inder Singh announced deals to reduce the price of anti-malaria drugs by 30 percent in developing nations.^[323]

·                 Clinton also spoke in favour of California Proposition 87 on alternative energy, which was voted down.^[324]

2008 Presidential Election

·                 Clinton speaking at the 2008 Democratic National Convention.

·                 During the 2008 Democratic presidential primary campaign, Clinton vigorously advocated on behalf of his wife, Hillary.

After the 2008 election

·                 In 2009, Clinton travelled to North Korea on behalf of two American journalists imprisoned there.

·                 Euna Lee and Laura Ling had been imprisoned for illegally entering the country from China.^[332]

·                 Jimmy Carter had made a similar visit in 1994.^[332] After Clinton met with North Korean leader Kim Jong-il, Kim issued a pardon.^[333][334]

·                 Since then, Clinton has been assigned many other diplomatic missions.

·                 He was named United Nations Special Envoy to Haiti in 2009 following a series of hurricanes which caused $1 billion in damages.^[335]

·                 Clinton organized a conference with the Inter-American Development Bank, where a new industrial park was discussed in an effort to “build back better”.^[336]

·                 In response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake, U.S. president Barack Obama announced that Clinton and George W. Bush would coordinate efforts to raise funds for Haiti’s recovery.^[337]

·                 At the 2012 Democratic National Convention, Clinton gave a widely praised speech nominating Barack Obama.^[340]

2016 Presidential Election and After

·                 During the 2016 presidential election, Clinton again encouraged voters to support Hillary, and made appearances speaking on the campaign trail.^[341]

·                 In a series of tweets, then-President-elect Donald Trump criticized his ability to get people out to vote.^[342]

·                 Clinton served as a member of the Electoral College for the state of New York.

·                  He voted for the Democratic ticket consisting of his wife Hillary and her running-mate Tim Kaine.^[343]

·                 On September 7, 2017, Clinton partnered with former presidents Jimmy Carter, George H. W. Bush, George W. Bush, and Barack Obama to work with One America Appeal to help the victims of Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Irma in the Gulf Coast and Texas communities.^[344]

·                 Clinton with President Joe Biden in February 2023.

·                 In 2020, Clinton again served as a member of the United States Electoral College from New York, casting his vote for the successful Democratic ticket of Joe Biden and Kamala Harris.^[345][346]

·                 Citizen: My Life After the White House, his autobiography about his life after his presidency, will be released in November 19, 2024.^{[347][348][349][350][351][352]}

Post – Presidential Health Concerns

·                 In September 2004, Clinton underwent quadruple bypass surgery.^[353]

·                 In March 2005, he again underwent surgery, this time for a partially collapsed lung.^[354]

·                 On February 11, 2010, he was rushed to New York-Presbyterian/Columbia Hospital in Manhattan after complaining of chest pains, and he had two coronary stents implanted in his heart.^[353][355]

·                 After this procedure, Clinton adopted a plant-based whole foods (vegan) diet, which had been recommended by doctors Dean Ornish and Caldwell Esselstyn.^[356]

·                 He has since incorporated fish and lean proteins at the suggestion of Mark Hyman, a proponent of the pseudoscientific ethos of functional medicine.^[357] As a result, he is no longer a strict vegan.^[358]

·                 In October 2021, Clinton was treated for sepsis at the University of California, Irvine Medical Center.^[359][360] In December 2022, Clinton tested positive for COVID-19.^[361]

Wealth

·                 The Clintons incurred several million dollars in legal bills during his presidency, which were paid off four years after he left office.^[362]

·                 Bill and Hillary Clinton have each earned millions of dollars from book publishing.^[363]

·                 In 2016, Forbes reported Bill and Hillary Clinton made about $240 million in the 15 years from January 2001, to December 2015, (mostly from paid speeches, business consulting and book-writing).^[364]

·                 Also in 2016, CNN reported the Clintons combined to receive more than $153 million in paid speeches from 2001 until spring 2015.^[365]

·                 In May 2015, The Hill reported that Bill and Hillary Clinton have made more than $25 million in speaking fees since the start of 2014, and that Hillary Clinton also made $5 million or more from her book, Hard Choices, during the same time period.^[366]

·                 In July 2014, The Wall Street Journal reported that at the end of 2012, the Clintons were worth between $5 million and $25.5 million, and that in 2012 (the last year they were required to disclose the information) the Clintons made between $16 and $17 million, mostly from speaking fees earned by the former president.^[367]

·                 Clinton earned more than $104 million from paid speeches between 2001 and 2012.^[368]

·                 In June 2014, ABC News and The Washington Post reported that Bill Clinton has made more than $100 million giving paid speeches since leaving public office, and in 2008,

·                 The New York Times reported that the Clintons’ income tax returns^[369] show they made $109 million in the eight years from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2007, including almost $92 million from his speaking and book-writing.^{[363][370][371][372]}

Relationship with Jeffrey Epstein

·                 President Clinton with Epstein and Ghislaine Maxwell in the White House, September 1993.

·                 In the early 2000s, Clinton took flights on Jeffrey Epstein‘s private jet in connection with Clinton Foundation work.^[378][379]

·                 According to Epstein’s attorney Gerald B. Lefcourt, Epstein was “part of the original group that conceived of the Clinton Global Initiative“.^[380]

·                 In 2002, a spokesperson for Clinton praised Epstein as “a committed philanthropist” with “insights and generosity”.^[381]

·                 While Clinton was president, Epstein visited the White House at least 17 times between 1993 and 1995.^[382][383]

·                 Years later, Epstein was convicted on sex trafficking charges.

·                 Clinton’s office released a statement in 2019 saying, “President Clinton knows nothing about the terrible crimes Jeffrey Epstein pleaded guilty to in Florida some years ago, or

·                 those with which he has been recently charged in New York.

·                 In 2002 and 2003, President Clinton took four trips on Jeffrey Epstein’s airplane: one to Europe, one to Asia, and two to Africa, which included stops in connection with the work of the Clinton Foundation. Staff, supporters of the Foundation, and his Secret Service detail travelled on every leg of every trip. […] He’s not spoken to Epstein in well over a decade.”^{[378][384][385]}

Personal life

·                 At the age of 10, he was baptized at Park Place Baptist Church in Hot Springs, Arkansas.^[402] When he became president in 1993, he became a member of Foundry United Methodist Church in Washington, D.C. with his wife, a Methodist.^[403]

·                 On October 11, 1975, in Fayetteville, Arkansas, he married Hillary Rodham, whom he met while studying at Yale University. They had Chelsea Clinton, their only child, on February 27, 1980.^[404] He is the maternal grandfather to Chelsea’s three children.^[405]

Accolades

·                 Clinton receiving the Presidential Medal of Freedom from Barack Obama, 2013.

·                  Various colleges and universities have awarded Clinton honorary degrees, including Doctorate of Law degrees^[406][407] and Doctor of Humane Letters degrees.^[408]

·                 He received an honorary degree from Georgetown University, his alma mater, and was the commencement speaker in 1980.

·                 He is an honorary fellow of University College, Oxford, which he attended as a Rhodes Scholar, although he did not complete his studies there.^[410][411]

·                 Schools have been named for Clinton,^{[412][413][414]} and statues have been built to pay him homage.^[415][416]

·                 U.S. states where he has been honoured include Missouri,^[417] Arkansas,^[418] Kentucky,^[419] and New York.^[420]

·                 He was presented with the Medal for Distinguished Public Service by Secretary of Defense William Cohen in 2001.^[421] The Clinton Presidential Center was opened in Little Rock, Arkansas, in his honour on December 5, 2001.^[422]

·                 Clinton has been honoured in various other ways, in countries that include the Czech Republic,^[423][424] Papua New Guinea,^[425] Germany,^[426] and Kosovo.^[415]

·                 The Republic of Kosovo, in gratitude for his help during the Kosovo War, re – named a major street in the capital city of Pristina as Bill Clinton Boulevard and added a monumental Clinton statue.^{[427][428][429]}

·                 Clinton was selected as Time‘s “Man of the Year” in 1992,^[430] and again in 1998, along with Ken Starr.^[431]

·                 From a poll conducted of the American people in December 1999, Clinton was among eighteen included in Gallup’s List of Most Widely Admired People of the 20th Century.^[432]

·                 In 2001, Clinton received the NAACP‘s President’s Award.^[433] He has also been honoured with a J. William Fulbright Prize for International Understanding,^[434] a TED Prize (named for the confluence of technology, entertainment and design),^[435] and was named as an Honorary GLAAD Media Award recipient for his work as an advocate for the LGBT community.^[436]

·                 Clinton, along with Mikhail Gorbachev and Sophia Loren,^[437] received the 2003 Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children for Wolf Tracks and Peter and the Wolf.^[438][439]

·                 The audiobook edition of his autobiography, My Life, read by Clinton himself, won the 2005 Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album,^[438] as well as the Audie Award as the Audiobook of the Year.^[440]

·                 Clinton has two more Grammy nominations for his audiobooks: Giving: How Each of Us Can Change the World in 2007 and Back to Work in 2012.^[438]

·                 In 2011, Haitian president Michel Martelly awarded Clinton with the National Order of Honour and Merit to the rank of Grand Cross “for his various initiatives in Haiti and especially his high contribution to the reconstruction of the country after the earthquake of January 12, 2010”.

·                 Clinton declared at the ceremony that “in the United States of America, I really don’t believe former American presidents need awards anymore, but I am very honoured by this one, I love Haiti, and I believe in its promise”.^[441]

·                 President Obama awarded Clinton the Presidential Medal of Freedom on November 20, 2013.^[442]

Wass’a’lam

Call for Peace

Messages to Look for Peace

PS:

Sponsorship

Brothers and Sisters! Please read the Post: Sponsorship in the Navigation Bar as to why it is need to keep conveying the Messages to Look for Peace until the Day of Resurrection and how it will be expended until the Day of Resurrection.

Wass’a’lam

[May Allah Bless You]